An economy is said to be characterized by information asymmetry when some parties to business transactions may have an information advantage over others. Types of information asymmetry The first is adverse selection. Adverse selection occurs because some persons, such as managers and other insiders know more about the current condition and future prospects of the … Continue reading Information Asymmetry
Capital budgeting is the process by which the financial manager decides whether to invest in specific capital projects or assets. In some situations, the process may entail in acquiring assets that are completely new to the firm. In other situations, it may mean replacing an existing obsolete asset to maintain efficiency. During the capital budgeting … Continue reading Capital Budgeting – Procedure & Decision Process
The cost of capital is the expected return that is required on investments to compensate you for the required risk. It represents the discount rate that should be used for capital budgeting calculations. The cost of capital is generally calculated on a weighted average basis (WACC). It is alternatively referred to as the opportunity cost … Continue reading Cost of Capital WACC — Formula & Calculation
In an efficient securities market, prices of securities, such as stocks, always fully reflect all publicly available information. This raises the question “What should the price be?” The well-known Sharpe-Lintner capital asset pricing model (CAPM) provides an answer. According to the model a share’s current market price will be such that: Expected return on the … Continue reading CAPM – Capital Asset Pricing Model
Present value refers to today’s value of a future amount. Present Value Formula: S P = ———— (1+rt) Instead of beginning with the principal which is invested, you could start from what you want to accumulate in the future, and then work backward to see the amount that you must invest to reach the required … Continue reading Present Value – Formula & Calculation
Definition An efficient securities market is one where the prices of securities traded on that market at all times “properly reflect” all information that is publicly known about those securities. Noteworthy Points of the Theory First, market prices are efficient with respect to publicly known information. The possibility, therefore, of inside information is not ruled … Continue reading Efficient Markets Hypothesis – Theory & Definition
Compound interest means that the interest will include interest calculated on interest. For example, if an amount of $5,000 is invested for two years and the interest rate is 10%, compounded yearly: • At the end of the first year the interest would be ($5,000 * 0.10) or $500 • In the second year the … Continue reading Calculating Compound Interest
When we borrow money we are expected to pay for using it – this is called interest. There are three components to calculate simple interest: principal (the amount of money borrowed), interest rate and time. Formula for calculating simple interest: I = Prt Where, I = interest P = principal r = interest rate (per … Continue reading Simple Interest – Definition and Calculation
Finance is based on economics. Therefore, to properly understand financial markets and their behavior one must first understand economics. Economics at its core is concerned with the production, distribution, trade and consumption of goods and services. To put this in human terms we can say that economics is the science that arises out of the interplay between limited … Continue reading Macroeconomics: A General Overview
Should I go to work today? Should I go to college after high school? Should the government spend money on a new weapon system? These are decisions that are made everyday; however, what is the cost of our decisions? What is the cost of going to work, or the decision not to go to work? … Continue reading Opportunity Cost – Basic Economics Concept
Economics is the study of how a society uses its resources to satisfy its wants and needs. What does that mean? Consider the following three scenes. First, a household works together to do the chores. They cut wood for the fire place, cook meals, go to the store to buy food, and rent movies at … Continue reading What is Economics?
Businesses who want to sell their products or services worldwide are involved in the export business; those who want to buy products and services from countries outside of the United States are in the import business. They may choose to do this in any number of ways. They can use an export trading house in … Continue reading The Business of Importing and Exporting
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